Understanding Adolescent Health Behaviour
Smoking, drinking, unhealthy eating: how can we explain these actions in teenagers? Do teenagers stop to consider potential hazards or is their decision making frantic and impulsive, with little rational thought? In this intriguing book, Kanayo Umeh debunks conventional explanations of teenage behaviour (peer pressure, self-esteem issues, parent–child conflicts) and offers a fresh perspective based on the premise that teenagers, like adults, retain the power of choice. He shows that adolescents sometimes readily commit to a course of action despite being sceptical about its benefits, and reveals how decision strategies that appear ill-considered to adults are regarded as smart by adolescents, and with convincing justifications. Contrary to stereotypes, the teenager emerges as a curious individual: a multifaceted decision maker whose actions may not be quite as mindless as popular myth suggests.
Kanayo Umeh is a chartered psychologist and Senior Lecturer in the School of Psychology at Liverpool John Moores University.
Understanding Adolescent Health Behaviour
A Decision Making Perspective
Kanayo Umeh
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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Cambridge University Press
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Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521698023
© Kanayo Umeh 2009
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2009
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication dataUmeh, Kanayo F., 1969–Understanding adolescent health behaviour : a decision making perspective / by Kanayo F. Umeh.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-0-521-87526-41. Risk-taking (Psychology) in adolescence. 2. Behavior disorders in adolescence. I. Title.RJ506.R57U64 2009618.92′89–dc222008049140
ISBN 978-0-521-87526-4 hardback
ISBN 978-0-521-69802-3 paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
To my wife and son, Oby and Oli
Contents
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List of figures
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viii |
|
List of tables
|
x |
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List of boxes
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xi |
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Preface
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xiii |
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Acknowledgements
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xvi |
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1 Introduction
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1 |
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2 Choice
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40 |
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3 Goals
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67 |
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4 Fear
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94 |
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5 Consistency
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120 |
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6 Competence
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144 |
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7 Avoidance
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181 |
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8 Impulsivity
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211 |
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9 Change
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238 |
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References
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255 |
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Index
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290 |
Figures
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1.1 Deciding to smoke
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10 |
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1.2 Prospect theory
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16 |
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1.3 The conflict-theory model
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19 |
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1.4 Gender differences
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33 |
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2.1 How universal is the concept of free will?
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48 |
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2.2 Freedom of choice
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49 |
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2.3 Free will in context
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61 |
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3.1 Goal theory
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70 |
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3.2 Priorities for the decision maker
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73 |
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3.3 Health as a goal
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74 |
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3.4 Gender differences
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85 |
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3.5 Feedback and goal attainment
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88 |
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4.1 Fear of immediate and remote threats
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99 |
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4.2 Social anxiety
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100 |
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4.3 A schematic representation of the drive reduction model
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102 |
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4.4 Fear and the proverbial anomaly
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106 |
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4.5 Impact of phobias
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113 |
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5.1 Cognitive dissonance and decision making
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122 |
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5.2 Consistency in decision making
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123 |
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5.3 Consistency in choice
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125 |
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5.4 Adherence to prior behaviour
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130 |
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5.5 Going public
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133 |
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5.6 Public commitment
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135 |
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5.7 Social desirability and consistency
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137 |
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6.1 Seeking information
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148 |
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6.2 Cognitive deliberations may drive decisions
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156 |
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6.3 The theory of compliant detraction
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164 |
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6.4 Compliant detraction
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166 |
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6.5 Healthy and unhealthy decisions
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167 |
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6.6 An illustration of compliant detraction with respect to condom use
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168 |
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7.1 Effect of thought suppression
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187 |
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7.2 Prevalence of avoidance
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193 |
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7.3 Procrastination
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204 |
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7.4 Gender differences
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205 |
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8.1 Impulsivity
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213 |
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8.2 Sensation seeking
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219 |
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8.3 A sense of doom
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226 |
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8.4 Frantic search
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228 |
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8.5 Effect of panic on choice
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232 |
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9.1 Group change
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242 |
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9.2 Individual change and continuity
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244 |
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9.3 Prior experience and resistance to change
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251 |
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